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Investigating ancient history of Egypt, we will find very interesting facts. Since XVIII up to XVI century BC there a mixed ethnic group get strengthen in northeast region of Nile delta and later it became a greatest power in Egypt. The group received the name Hyksos (Egypt. heka khasewet; Greek Ὑκσώς). Many historians agree, that Jewish people were in Egyptian slavery during Hyksos government.

Some historians depicting Hyksos like conquerors, others think they were Jacob’s sons who came in Egypt in the time of the great famine. Let see who is right :

1. It is widely accepted that Hyksos were the mixed people, mostly - Semitic people of western Asia.

- From the Bible we know, that sons of Israel came in Egypt and mixed up with Egyptians. The Jews are Semitic people of western Asia.

2. According to historical documents there was a contemptuous attitude of Pharaohs of the south toward to Hyksos as to «a humiliating stain upon the holy land of Egypt» (from the letter of Pharaoh Kamose).

- From Genesis (43:32; 46:34) we know about the contemptuous attitude of the Egyptians toward to the Jews.

3. The historians are puzzled, how that happened that Hyksos took under control all Egypt. Many believe, that Hyksos had a some weapon unknown in Egypt, and with it they have achieved submission of all country.
However Hyksos tombs do not contain any unusual weapons which Egypt would not know at that time.

Besides that, as historian Von Beckerath adds that to suppose any armed invasion of Egypt by Semites from southern Palestine and the Sinai desert is out of the question because the tribes there simply were not strong enough. Furthermore there was no consolidated state in the region from which such a supposed invasion could have been launched (http://open-encyclopedia.com/Hyksos ).

-Bible says Jacob’s family were peaceful people.

4. It is interesting also to note, that Hyksos had as an official language not a some Asian language, but Egyptian one. « The Hyksos had assimilated into Egyptian society, adding to and adapting to the ancient culture of Egypt. Instead of restricting and impeding the freedom of the Egyptian people, the Hyksos added to it by contributing cultural diversity and new innovations, and creating a wealth of prosperity. The Hyksos set the foundation for foreign relations and an economy based largely on trade. They showed a deep respect for the Egyptian culture by first adapting to it then preserving it with the restoration of its artistic beauty….”
(http://www.angelfire.com/ga/Godandscience/egypt/hyksos.html).

It is logical to assume, that, if the Hyksos would be the conquerors, they would introduce their own language and culture, instead of adapting to the Egyptians. Therefore facts obviously speak, the Hyksos (Jews) were in submission of the Egyptian pharaohs, and naming both of these groups of people by one name "Hyksos", the historians wrongly come to conclusion, that all the Hyksos had a some common goal.

Other historians think, the Hyksos achieved the power by using some artful diplomatic act. Others consider the Hyksos took the power over Egypt when all the country was in some distress. And third point of view, perhaps, is most correct, because it does not expose the Hyksos as conquers they never were.

- The Bible tells, that within 7 hungry years Joseph made slaves out of all Egypt. «And Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh… And as for the people, he removed them to cities and practically made slaves of them, from one end of the borders of Egypt to the other » (Gen. 47:20,21).
It was Joseph who established Hyksos economy based on trade, buying silver, cattle and land for the grain (Gen.41:57).

5. Analyzing contents of tombs of Egyptian pharaohs of the XIII dynasty, Dr.Bruce Williams ( “Archaeology and Historical Problems of the Second Intermediate Period. Chicago, 1975, р.1227, http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/RA/BBW/BBWIntro.html )…. noticed, that from the middle of the XIII dynasty tombs were apparently more poor. An amount of silver was much less than that tombs had before. The researcher concluded, the changes in tomb decorations were associated with some serious changes in political and social structures of Egypt, and the changes had taken place not in the end of the XIII dynasty, as many consider, but in middle of the XIII dynasty.

- The Bible tells, that it was Joseph who bought all silver in Egypt in change for bread (Gen. 47:14).

6. For the short time by the end of the XIII dynasty (supposedly XIII dynasty ruled from 1803 to 1649 BC) the Hyksos became the very numerous people.

- From the Bible we know the Jewish people multiplied and became the numerous nation incredibly quickly (Ex. 1:7-12).

7. The Hyksos had captured and about 1720 BC had fortified city of Avaris, which became a residence of Hyksos pharaohs. Later Avaris was renamed to Pi-Raamses (Pi-Ramses), that means: «the property of Raamses» (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaris ).
Therefore many historians believe, that Avaris was renamed in honor of Pharaoh Raamses II, who ruled in XIII century BC.

However "Raamses" - not just a name, it is one of a pharaoh’s title, which means: «the son of Ra», or «the son of the sun god -Ra». The given title could belong to any pharaoh, therefore it is completely unessential that there was any connection between the name of the city and pharaoh Raamses II (Raamses I ruled only 17 months).

- The Bible tells the Jews had built two supply cities in Egypt: Pithom and Raamses (Ex. 1:11). On the first sight, Pi-Ramses is not the same as Pithom and Raamses. However there are reasons to assume, that they were the two cities-districts in the one independent mega-city Avaris (Pi-Ramses). Many historians believe that from 1670 BC Avaris was the largest city in the world, therefore it certainly could have two urban areas. Supply cities usually were fortresses, and the city of Avaris was a very strong fortress.

Some historians, who believe the city of Ramses in the Bible was named in honor of Raamses II and Exodus took place in his government, move the Exodus from Egypt almost for 300 years ahead. However Bible tells about land of Ramses even before the Jews entered Egypt (Gen. 47:11,comp.with Ex.1:11;12:37)! Besides, there are no archeological, nor textual evidences confirming that during Raamses’ government the plagues described in “Exodus”had place.

On the other hand, we have two very intriguing papyruses: the papyrus of Ipuwer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipuwer_Papyrus ),
which describes disasters in Egypt similar to disasters happened before the Exodus, and the papyrus found in el-Arish, which speaks that in the time of Exodus pharaoh Thom ruled (Immanuel Velikovsy, Ages in Chaos, Abacus Publishing, 1978, p. 57-62). Thus it was his name the city of Pithom had received ("Pi" - means: the place of residing of someone or a place which belongs to someone, "Thom" – the name, i.e. «a city, in which Thom lives, or a city which belongs to Thom»). And, though there is no historical information remained about Pharaoh Thom (it’s obviously that Egyptian chroniclers had erased all data about his unsuccessful governing), the given circumstance also can be recognized as more important argument for the benefit of the earlier time of the Exodus and of the last pharaoh was Thom, than the statement based on incorrect meaning of the name of the city of Ramses.

8. The historians remark, that many Hyksos had no Egyptian, but Canaanite names. So, among names of pharaohs of the XV dynasty of Hyksos there is name «Mer-woser-ra Yaqob-her». As both names were written down together on one scarab, it can mean only that these Prenomen and Nomen belonged to a one person.

A name "Yaqob"(Jacob), as we know, is a Jewish name. The given fact confuses some researchers, as they see there the direct connection with the name of Joseph, who was the right hand of pharaoh, and, having received a new, Egyptian name (Gen. 41:45), probably still left his family name: «son of Jacob». However between Joseph’s time and the time of the XV dynasty is about 100 years. It is more correctly to assume, that the given name belonged to a some Jew who achieved a high honor, whose father or he himself had name Jacob.

Many historians are convinced that Hyksos throne not always was hereditary, but sometimes was elective. However, most likely, as Joseph became the pharaoh’s chief adviser and received other name, so and other Jews during the time in Egypt could achieve similar honors, and could be pharaoh’s general managers, instead of pharaohs themselves.

The brief review of Egypt history of XVIII-XVI BC.

After the XII prospered dynasty, the XIII dynasty could not successfully manage the huge land of Egypt and gradually was broken up on couple families, the strongest of which later (during government of the XVII dynasty) became the family that ruled the south of Egypt. The Hyksos (Jews) did not appear in Egypt suddenly (majority of the historians agree on it), they came to imperial family of northeast of Egypt, and, approximately in 100 years later became the majority of the population of that territory.

So, Jacob came in Egypt in 1763 BC. 1763BC – is the middle of the XIII dynasty. "The Hyksos were Asiatics who filtered into the eastern Egyptian Delta around the middle of the Thirteenth Dynasty taking advantage of a period of internal Egyptian weakness" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos#Under_
Segenenra_Tao_.28II.29 Summary).

The wall painting in the tomb of Khnumhotep II the official under pharaoh Senusret II depicts Semitic peoples entering Egypt. Supposedly Khnumhotep II died at c 1783 BC. According to our research Jacob had entered Egypt at 1763. There are only 2 suggestions: or Khnumhotep II died 20 years later, or this panting had appear in his tomb 20 years after his death.

In 100 years, i.e. by the end of the XIII dynasty a number of Jacob’s descendants increased to the unbelievable quantity. Pharaohs who managed them, had concentrated a huge power in their hands due to the wise strategy of Joseph and large number of the people living on that territory, belonged to them. For that reason, despite of the contemptuous attitude of other imperial families toward to Hyksos, they were not attacked for more than 200 years.

The history says, the first, who decided attack them, was pharaoh of a southern Egypt Seqenenra Tao II, who for that reason received nickname "the brave". He died in fight with Hyksos about 1554 BC. After him his son Kamose ruled for 3 years, he also successfully attacked Hyksos. His 3-year's governing had finished the XVII dynasty. After him his brother, Ahmose, ruled. He had put to the end Hyksos kingdom.

All documents regarding the time of the Hyksos kingdom, were carefully destroyed by the conquerors, therefore the XIV, XV and XVI dynasties of the pharaohs Hyksos are the most mysterious dynasties of Egypt. Historians emphasize, the XVI Hyksos dynasty disappeared without a trace about 1550 BC.

See? At first all traces of the XVI, last Hyksos dynasty completely disappeared, and then Seqenenra Tao II successfully attacked them. Moreover 3 years later his son Kamose, also successfully attacked them, and Ahmose didn’t have a big resistance from the Hyksos anymore.

Thus, in 1551 BC Jews left Egypt. The given circumstance allowed Seqenenra Tao II to be brave and attack their enslavers who more than 200 years collected tribute from all Egypt, and who (Egyptians) in that time were in a serious distress after the exodus of huge amount of the people (Jews) and after 10 plaques. Later his son had continued successful companies against left Hyksos.

Therefore, we have more than enough reasons to consider the time of Hyksos kingdom as time the Jews were in Egypt, which lasted for 215 Jewish, or 212 solar years, from 1763 BC to the end of the XVI dynasty (1551 BC), when Jews left Egypt.